隨著(zhu)型鋼應(ying)用行業的(de)發展，人們對防腐性能的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)日益增加，拋丸(wan)(wan)預處(chu)理(li)日益受到重視，市場(chang)是(shi)有很多的(de)拋丸(wan)(wan)清(qing)(qing)理(li)機(ji)(ji)，質量參差(cha)不(bu)齊，今天帶大(da)家來選(xuan)擇鋼結構軌道通(tong)過式(shi)(shi)拋丸(wan)(wan)機(ji)(ji)生產商，型鋼軌道通(tong)過式(shi)(shi)拋丸(wan)(wan)除銹(xiu)機(ji)(ji)清(qing)(qing)理(li)效(xiao)果(guo)良好，是(shi)我公司科(ke)研(yan)人員根據清(qing)(qing)理(li)設備(bei)市場(chang)的(de)需要(yao)而(er)研(yan)制的(de)*（此字廣(guang)告法(fa)禁止出現）新產品、以拋丸(wan)(wan)清(qing)(qing)理(li)為主，對工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)內腔(qiang)進行補充(chong)清(qing)(qing)理(li)，是(shi)大(da)中型鑄鍛件(jian)(jian)(jian)、鑄鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊接件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)表面清(qing)(qing)理(li)和(he)強化的(de)理(li)想(xiang)設備(bei)。。

拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機是(shi)指離心(xin)力高(gao)速(su)(su)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)出(chu)彈丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)來清(qing)理(li)鋼(gang)材或(huo)強化工(gong)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)一種(zhong)設備，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機工(gong)作原理(li)：拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機，不以(yi)壓縮空氣(qi)為(wei)動(dong)力，而是(shi)以(yi)電動(dong)機械拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)器為(wei)動(dong)力，利用(yong)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)器拋(pao)(pao)(pao)出(chu)的(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)彈丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)清(qing)理(li)或(huo)強化金屬工(gong)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)設備。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機可(ke)(ke)清(qing)理(li)金屬工(gong)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)殘留物，可(ke)(ke)對鋼(gang)板(ban),鋼(gang)結構及鈑金焊接工(gong)件(jian)(jian)清(qing)理(li)等。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)是(shi)靠(kao)葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)高(gao)速(su)(su)旋轉，將在葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)中心(xin)的(de)磨(mo)料(liao)(liao)，經過調流塊及葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)推動(dong)器預(yu)加速(su)(su)，送入(ru)葉(xie)片區再將磨(mo)料(liao)(liao)高(gao)速(su)(su)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)出(chu)，速(su)(su)度可(ke)(ke)超過80m/s，由(you)于(yu)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)覆蓋(gai)范圍較大，所(suo)以(yi)不需利用(yong)氣(qi)壓，能源效益遠高(gao)于(yu)噴(pen)砂。葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)是(shi)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機的(de)心(xin)臟，由(you)電動(dong)馬達直接或(huo)間接驅(qu)動(dong)，每家青工(gong)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機生產(chan)商均有獨特的(de)設計，主要(yao)分為(wei)單(dan)圓盤和雙(shuang)圓盤葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)。該工(gong)藝(yi)不受被清(qing)理(li)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)大小(xiao)、形狀、和重量限制。小(xiao)至(zhi)螺(luo)釘、螺(luo)母，大到火車車廂、萬(wan)噸輪(lun)(lun)船殼體(ti)；簡單(dan)至(zhi)一件(jian)(jian)平(ping)板(ban)、復雜到發動(dong)機氣(qi)缸冷卻水套；輕至(zhi)幾克中，重到百萬(wan)噸，均可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)清(qing)理(li)。

從(cong)形(xing)式(shi)上(shang)(shang)講(jiang)，丸(wan)是(shi)(shi)由機(ji)械方法(fa)獲得(de)高(gao)速而(er)遠(yuan)距離投射(she)到(dao)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)，統(tong)稱為(wei)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)。它包括(kuo)：將彈(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)拋(pao)(pao)射(she)到(dao)帶有砂(sha)子(zi)的鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)，清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)型砂(sha)和型芯的拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)落砂(sha)；將彈(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)拋(pao)(pao)射(she)到(dao)鑄、鍛、焊及熱處(chu)理(li)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)，以進(jin)行清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)黑皮(pi)、結(jie)瘤、氧化膜、銹斑等(deng)的表(biao)(biao)面(mian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)；將彈(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)拋(pao)(pao)射(she)到(dao)型鋼及各種(zhong)形(xing)材表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，以進(jin)行拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)預(yu)處(chu)理(li)；對(dui)承(cheng)受變應(ying)(ying)力的彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧、板簧及齒輪等(deng)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)行消除(chu)應(ying)(ying)力和提高(gao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)疲勞強度的拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)強化；對(dui)家用電器裝飾零件(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)餐具表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，進(jin)行拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)增(zeng)色。但(dan)從(cong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)分類來講(jiang)，拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)只限(xian)于清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)鑄、鍛、焊及熱處(chu)理(li)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)目的的一種(zhong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，本講(jiang)座(zuo)所指的拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)便是(shi)(shi)這個概念。而(er)對(dui)用彈(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)拋(pao)(pao)射(she)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)達到(dao)有關工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)目的者，則(ze)直(zhi)接以其工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)要求命名，如：拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)落砂(sha)、拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)強化、拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)增(zeng)色等(deng)，以在工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)有別于拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)。

在對零(ling)(ling)件(jian)進行拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)清理(li)時(shi)，能使零(ling)(ling)件(jian)在拋(pao)(pao)射流中不(bu)斷更換(huan)被(bei)請表面，以達到均勻拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)要求的(de)設(she)施稱(cheng)為拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)設(she)備(bei)，或稱(cheng)青工(gong)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)機械。因被(bei)清件(jian)千變(bian)萬化，所以青島青工(gong)機械有(you)限公司的(de)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)機亦(yi)多(duo)種多(duo)樣。某(mou)(mou)一(yi)規格的(de)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)設(she)備(bei)，只適用于一(yi)定范圍內零(ling)(ling)件(jian)清理(li)用。而專(zhuan)用設(she)備(bei)，則(ze)適用于某(mou)(mou)一(yi)種零(ling)(ling)件(jian)。

拋丸(wan)(wan)清理(li)的(de)原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)基于(yu)高速彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)(wan)打(da)擊零(ling)(ling)件表(biao)面，使其局(ju)部變(bian)(bian)形(xing)而產(chan)生(sheng)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)(wan)壓(ya)痕(hen)。每(mei)一個(ge)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)(wan)壓(ya)痕(hen)有三層(ceng)(ceng)區別明顯的(de)結構。即(ji)：零(ling)(ling)件表(biao)面脆(cui)性(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)；零(ling)(ling)件中層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)基體塑(su)性(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)區；深層(ceng)(ceng)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)區。這三者在(zai)(zai)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)(wan)打(da)擊之(zhi)后幾(ji)乎同時產(chan)生(sheng)如下三個(ge)作用：①對中層(ceng)(ceng)塑(su)性(xing)區的(de)前后左(zuo)右和(he)向(xiang)上，從(cong)五個(ge)方向(xiang)瞬(shun)間(jian)產(chan)生(sheng)壓(ya)縮應力；②使中層(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)(zai)五個(ge)方向(xiang)上瞬(shun)間(jian)產(chan)生(sheng)壓(ya)縮變(bian)(bian)形(xing)，并瞬(shun)間(jian)向(xiang)表(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)推動，從(cong)而使已經有破裂線的(de)脆(cui)性(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)迅速脫落；③幾(ji)乎同時又推動彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)(wan)產(chan)生(sheng)反(fan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)力，使其獲(huo)得反(fan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)速度而反(fan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)出(chu)去。彈(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)丸(wan)(wan)壓(ya)痕(hen)三個(ge)區域是(shi)同時發生(sheng)和(he)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)。

要(yao)使(shi)脆(cui)性層得(de)到(dao)(dao)脆(cui)性破(po)裂，必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)達到(dao)(dao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)脆(cui)性破(po)壞變形量(liang)，因此(ci)要(yao)求有(you)適(shi)當壓痕深(shen)度(du)，則必(bi)須(xu)有(you)適(shi)量(liang)的(de)塑性變形區。塑性區和(he)基體(ti)之間有(you)一彈(dan)性區的(de)中間狀態，三者的(de)厚度(du)隨拋丸目(mu)的(de)不同而有(you)差異。一般(ban)拋丸清理僅僅是要(yao)求破(po)壞其(qi)(qi)(qi)表面附屬(shu)物(wu)，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)脫落(luo)就夠了，脆(cui)性基體(ti)越少越好。因此(ci)必(bi)須(xu)合理選取(qu)工藝參數。